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Le formidable développement des neurosciences depuis les années 1980 présente un paradoxe, dont l'état actuel de la psychiatrie est particulièrement révélateur. Bien qu'on n'en ait jamais su autant sur le fonctionnement du cerveau, les avancées accomplies dans ce domaine n'ont permis d'éradiquer aucune des grandes pathologies mentales connues depuis deux siècles. En revanche, le style de rationalité exigible pour les décrire, les étudier et évaluer leur traitement s est profondément transformé. La plupart des concepts psychologiques traditionnels ont été ou sont en cours de naturalisation : c'est en termes de neurobiologie et de biostatistiques que sont désormais jugés les états mentaux. L'esprit, c'est ce qui s'explique à partir du cerveau. En abordant ici les modèles animaux de la folie, les hystéries modernes, la dépression, l'énigme des «fous criminels» ou celle de la conscience schizophrénique, l'auteur poursuit en réalité trois tâches. Il présente d'abord, sous leur jour le plus incisif, les mutations actuelles de quelques théories psychiatriques marquées par la domination conjointe des paradigmes neuroscientifique et évolutionniste. Il vise, ensuite, à dégager les présuppositions philosophiques ultimes de la naturalisation de la folie et des états psychiques morbides qui inspirent ces théories. Il interroge, enfin, les conditions anthropologiques du succès de l'"esprit-cerveau" en psychiatrie. L'enjeu de ces essais, qui sont animés d une intention constamment polémique, est de défendre une perspective holiste sur l'esprit, qui en dévoile la nature essentiellement sociale (l'esprit des représentations collectives, des règles sociales, des institutions, des formes de vie, etc.) sans pour autant épouser le relativisme historique. Il s'agit de mobiliser, outre des concepts, des objets concrets et exemplaires afin de montrer que le constructivisme social, largement inspiré par Michel Foucault, ne constitue pas la seule alternative à la naturalisation de l'esprit.

Mental illness --- Psychiatry --- Psychology, Pathological --- Mediaeval psychology - Psychoanalysis - Epistemology of science --- Neuropsychologie --- Psychopathologie --- Psychiatrie sociale --- Neuropsychology --- Social psychiatry --- Neuropsychologie. --- Psychopathologie. --- Psychiatrie sociale.

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This groundbreaking, open access volume analyses and compares data practices across several fields through the analysis of specific cases of data journeys. It brings together leading scholars in the philosophy, history and social studies of science to achieve two goals: tracking the travel of data across different spaces, times and domains of research practice; and documenting how such journeys affect the use of data as evidence and the knowledge being produced. The volume captures the opportunities, challenges and concerns involved in making data move from the sites in which they are originally produced to sites where they can be integrated with other data, analysed and re-used for a variety of purposes. The in-depth study of data journeys provides the necessary ground to examine disciplinary, geographical and historical differences and similarities in data management, processing and interpretation, thus identifying the key conditions of possibility for the widespread data sharing associated with Big and Open Data. The chapters are ordered in sections that broadly correspond to different stages of the journeys of data, from their generation to the legitimisation of their use for specific purposes. Additionally, the preface to the volume provides a variety of alternative “roadmaps” aimed to serve the different interests and entry points of readers; and the introduction provides a substantive overview of what data journeys can teach about the methods and epistemology of research.

Philosophy and science. --- History. --- Philosophy of Science. --- History of Science. --- Science, Humanities and Social Sciences, multidisciplinary. --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Science and philosophy --- Science --- Philosophy of Science --- History of Science --- Science, Humanities and Social Sciences, multidisciplinary --- Humanities and Social Sciences --- Big Data --- Data Epistemology --- Data Ethics --- Data Science --- Epistemology of Science --- Social Studies of Data --- Social Studies of Science --- Data Collection, Preparation and Reporting --- Data at the Large Hadron Collider --- Data Journeys in Medical Case Reports --- Data Ordering and Visualization --- Clustering Practices in Plant Phenomics --- Databases in Systems Biology --- Data access, Dissemination and Quality Assessment --- Methods for Climate Data Processing --- Data Journeys in Pharmaceutical Regulation --- Data Mixes in Big Data Linkage Practice --- Radiocarbon Dating and Robustness Reasoning in Archaeology --- Data from Objects to Assets --- Open Access --- Philosophy of science --- History of science --- Interdisciplinary studies --- Philosophy and science --- Big data

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